Phronesis is practical wisdom: the capacity to judge what should be done in a particular situation and act accordingly.
It differs from technical expertise, which asks how something can be done. Phronesis also asks whether it should be done, what purpose it serves and what consequences it may have for those affected.
Practical wisdom draws on knowledge, experience, ethics and careful attention to context. It does not produce certainty or a rule that fits every situation; it supports responsible judgement when legitimate values, imperfect information and practical constraints must be considered together.