A Business Capability Model (BCM) is a map of what an organisation must be able to do to fulfil its purpose.
Capabilities describe enduring abilities—such as managing customers, developing products or paying employees—without prescribing which team, process or technology provides them. This makes the model more stable than an organisational chart or systems map.
A Business Capability Model helps people see the organisation as a connected whole. It provides a common basis for deciding where capability is strong, where it is weak and where investment or redesign is needed.